Chemical Compounds

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The name of the chemical I was assigned to research is ammonium nitrate, a chemical of

many uses. Its chemical formula is NH4NO that exists as colorless, rhombohedral crystals at

room temperature but changes to monoclinic crystals when heated above °C. It is extremely

Custom writing service can write essays on Chemical Compounds

soluble in water and soluble in alcohol and liquid ammonia. . Its main uses are as an explosive

and is used in chemical fertilizers, but is also known to be used as a rocket propellant.

Ammonium Nittrate was first discovered in 165, with is true abilities as an explosive

not being recognized until the end of WWI, with the person discovering the synthesis process,

Fritz Haber, winning the 118 nobel prize. It was used throughout the war to supply Germany

with explosives. In 11, a chemist by the name of Carl Bosch discovered a way to industrialize

it, in a process combining hydrogen and nitrogen under extreme high pressure to form ammonia.

hydrogen and nitrogen under extreme high pressure to form ammonia. At the end of the war, a

large surplus of ammonium nitrate was left when the first ammonia synthesis plant was closed

down. A huge pile of the compound was stored in an open field; in attempts to break apart the

pile for removal, explosives were drilled into holes in the pile. Contrary to what was expected,

the whole mound detonated with a blast of 4,500 tons, killing 600 people. One incident in

recent memory that is an example of its destructive power is the bombing of the Alfred P.

Murrah Federal building on April 1th, 15. This bombing was commited by Timothy

McVeigh, and killed 168 people and injured hundreds more. The last famous example on April

16th 147,when a French freighter named the SS Grandcamp attempted to dock in Texas

City, Texas on the Galveston Bay. The ship was making a delivery of ammonium nitrate fertilizer

when the deck of the ship caught fire. Oblivious to the dangers of ammonium nitrate, the crew

continued to dock. Later that morning, the freighter exploded creating a tidal wave that

enveloped the shore and an explosion at kiloton scale. Many refineries that were located on the

waterfront also caught on fire and continued to burn for 6 days after the explosion. It was

estimated that a total of 567 people were killed, but it is believed that this number

underestimates the total amount of casualties from this incident.

Also, it has recently been found to be an effective rocket propellant. After discovering a

low cost and non-toxic way of phase stabilizing ammonium nitrate, Dr. Oberth worked on

improving the performance of ammonium nitrate propellants in the late 180s. Up until that

time, AN propellants had a low specific impulse, were very hard to ignite and burned at a very

slow rate. After a great deal of experimentation, he found that using magnesium powder instead

of aluminum powder produced an AN propellant that was easy to ignite, had a good specific

impulse and burned at rates over twice that previously recorded with AN propellants. Its last

use, in the form of a chemical fertilizer, it is in the form of small clay-coated pellets, which makes

the ground extremely hospitibale to plant life.

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