Was the Weimar Rebublic Doomed To Fail?

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Assessment What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Weimar Republic (118-1)? Was it doomed to failure?

The Weimar Republic was born in the aftermath of the First World War. The creators of the Republic were blame, rididculed and labelled for the defeat of Germany during World War One and for accepting the crippling terms of the Traety of Versailles. Weimar Germany was to have a short, tumultou history. Yet under normal circumstances would it have survived? Was Weimar Germany destined to failure from the outset, doomed from the start? World War One ended when it became clear that no one could win. If they were to continue on fighting, everyone had a lot to lose. Germany had become increasingly unsettled. The Kaiser abdicated in 118 because Germany had lost the war and the victors, Britain and France would not sign a peace treaty unless Germany set up a new democratic system of government. They saw the Kaiser and his way of ruling as being a major reason for Germany starting the war. The Kaiser fled the country and went to live in Holland. On 4 October 118, the new government - led by Max von Baden - decided that enough was enough. They needed to sort out their own affairs and decided that they couldnt possibly win this war. They asked the American President, Woodrow Wilson for a ceasefire. On 11 November 118, an armistice was signed at Compiegne in France.

Germany had to create a government that the Allies would be prepared to negotiate with, so Hindenburg ordered a government, which had the support of the Reichstag. In June 11 at the Hall of Mirrors the Treaty of Versailles was signed. The 'November Criminals who signed the Treaty of Versailles went on to run the country, and the 'Stab in the Back Myth left the public with a sense of betrayal and a bitter resentment towards the Republic itself.

In August 11 a new constitution called the Weimar Republic, lead by Ebert, was adopted. This was the first constitution in Germany that used proportional representation and Article 48. The new constitution enabled that all Germans had equal rights including voting. All people over 0 years of age could vote. This was new to Germany, as they had never experienced Democracy before. The Weimar Republic was not based on strong public convictions, which must, in part, explain its weakness. Then later the Weimar Republic experienced a collapse of German democracy.

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The constitution itself was flawed; it contained within it the its own destruction. Article 48 was to provide future abuse; this was used to appoint the last four Chancellors of the Republic, including Hitler. As Germany lacked in experience with democracy, it was far too democratic, and many groups did not support such a great amount of Democracy in Germany. The system of proportion representation made it easy for anti-democratic parties such as the KPD and the Nazi Party to gain seats in the Reichstag and the chances for any party gaining a majority support in the Reichstag was minimal. With a Republic run by the people who had 'betrayed the country and a constitution that was flawed, a loyalty to the Republic had been formed. This encouraged political instability and frequent elections. The President had too much power; this could result into him becoming a dictator. Another flaw with the constitution is that the states could become hostile and attempt to overthrow the national government. Political opponents lead to political violence. Groups from both the extreme left, like the Spartacists and the extreme right, for example the NSDAP, Nazi Party, opposed the Weimar Republic. Both sides were opposed to the idea of a Republic. Those on the left - communists and the like - had no respect for the government and the success of Lenin in Russia had boosted their self-belief. Those on the right - former soldiers still bitter about the Armistice and the defeat in the war - also had no respect for the government as it had betrayed them. Royalists, who wanted the Kaiser back, had no respect for the government, as it had been the Social Democrats who had told the Kaiser to abdicate. On top of this, the civilian population was still suffering from the affects of the war. In January 11 Spartacist members staged an attempted revolution in Berlin. The Freikorps crushed it. Ebert dealt with the situation but had to put the Government into the hands of the Army and Freikorps. In March 10, the Freikorps took over Berlin. The government had to leave the city. The Freikorps were lead by Wolfgang Kapp - a right wing nationalist who hated the government for signing the Versailles Treaty. This incident is called the Kapp Putsch. In 1 Hitler staged an uprising, in which he was imprisoned for. The harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles angered Germans everywhere and many directed their resentment at the Weimar government who signed the Treaty. This was actually quite unfair, because they really had very little choice but to sign. The new Government was blamed for accepting the humiliating Treaty. The Treaty also meant that there was territorial loss. Those that lived in the selected parts were angry to become part of Germany again. It became more unpopular as it tried to deal with reparations, which came to a staggering 660 billion Marks. This was much too adventurous for Germany. The reparation repayments caused much distress to Germany and her citizens. One solution was to print more money; this lead to hyperinflation where money was virtually worthless. Millions of Germans saw their savings disappear. Things became even worse in 1 when Germany stopped paying reparations. The French army occupied the Ruhr and seized Germanys coalfields-this lead to even more unemployment. The Germans put Passive resistance into practise. The majority of Germany had no savings, no money for food and were unemployed-the Country was in chaos.

The new constituation, tried to create a fair and democratic society for Germnany, and its democracy would be advantageous. The fact that the constitution was a new start for Germany acted as a strength. This was a chance to put a democratic Germany into practise and it could've been provided as useful. The Weimar Republic was intended to create a genuine democracy, and it had political support. Weimar Germany from 14 to 1 is referred to either as the Golden Age of Weimar or the Stresemann Years. In 1 Stresmann became chancellor and help over come many of the problems faced by Germany. He was willing to call off Passive resistance as the policy was bankrupting Germany. In October Germany resumed reparation repayments and a new temporary currency, the Rentenmark., was introduced. This stabilised the value of German money. By strictly restricting the amount of currency in circulation, Germany, in the following year, introduced a permanent currency, called to Reichsmark. Through the Dawes Plan Germany was lent 88 million marks by the USA to invest in industry and commerce. This meant that the economy was beginning to recover. In 14 Germany went to London and agreed reparation amounts. France retreated out of the Ruhr so Germany reclaimed their coalmines and more, but still few, jobs were available. In 15 Germany signed the Larnaco Pact-which was an agreement with allies. In September 16 Germany became full members of the League of Nations. Germanys problems based on economic and political crisis were beginning to improve. Weaknesses of the opposed left wing and right wing extremist parties reinforced the constitution.

The Weimar Republic experienced severe problems from its start. From the beginning the new government was blamed for accepting the Humiliating Treaty of Versailles, which everyone in Germany hated. There was much bitterness and resentment towards the new government from both the left wing and right wing.

Germany was in anarchy, which eventually lead to the collapse of German democracy. Though Stresemann was able to stabilise many of Germanys problems, he was unable to solve them all. For example, many people wanted to reject the Treaty of Versailles completely and unemployment was still a large problem for Germany. In the end it was the actions of the people at the top that reinforced the collapse of popular confidence in the democracy. In my opinion, I think that in normal circumstances the Weimar Republic would have survived. The end of World War One and the Treaty of Versailles was at the root of all of Germanys problems between 118-1. The war and treaty lead to economic disasters such as hyperinflation and Germany also experienced political violence. The Weimar Republic was an introduction to democracy to Germany, and without the problems subjected from the War and Treaty, the fresh start and new democratic ideas could've created a stable and fair Germany. The Government would supply a range of views and as more people could now vote there would be a greater input from the people of Germany-making it a Government for them. However, due to the problems forced onto the New Government, from the outcome of World War One it made it very difficult for the Weimar Republic to recover and become the successful Government they hoped to be. The outcome of the circumstances contributed to the demise of the Weimar Republic, causing it to be burdened to failure.

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Theravada Buddhism

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Theravada Buddhism

Theravada Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama and is part of the Hinayana Buddhist sect that arose in the first centuries after he died. Siddhartha was born into royalty and eventually married, had children, but at the age of , left all that behind to find truth. In order to do this, he retreated to a forest and participated in the Great Renunciation, in which he gave up all possessions and devoted himself to finding truth. This fact that it is based on an actual person and events makes it a founded religion. Theravada is the only Hinayana sect that is currently in existence. It is the path of the elders and is considered the narrow path of Buddhism. Theravada originated in India but later advanced into Sri Lanka and further east. It is said to be based on self-effort and is closest to the life that Buddha lead. Unlike the Mahayana and Vajrayana branches, which were open to new interpretations, the Theravada race to nirvana focuses on monastic orders and lay supporters. The Mahayana is considered the course of the Bodhisattva or the Buddha in the making. The Mahayana is the "Greater Vehicle" and is based on compassion. The Vajrayana is the "Diamond Vehicle" and is based more on the experience through ritual.

The path toward nirvana can be displayed through the experience of a male named Lama in a Buddhist region of Sri Lanka. At around the age of 10 with the urging of his parents, Lama will enter one of the most important events in his life the ritual of initiation. This is where Lama will become a novice monk and undergo a spiritual transformation. In honor of him, festivities are held and the family invites friends and relatives for food, song, and dances. After this, the monks arrive and Lama's head will be shaved and the vows of monastic life are taken. He then spends the night in the monastery and all people, including his parents, bow to him and bring him gifts. After a few days, Lama chooses to return to his family knowing he is spiritually an adult and can reenter the monastery later in his life.

Because he returned to his family, he becomes a layperson, or traditional Buddhist. He will dedicate his life to gaining merit for the rebirth, in hopes of one day reaching nirvana. He can do this by giving food to the monks and listening to them chant. In this aspect of his life he lives by the codes of the religion including the Five Precepts, the Twelve Spoked Wheel, and the noble Eightfold Path. The Five Precepts include the rules to not take life, not steal, not have wrong sexual relations, not use wrong speech, and not to consume drugs and liquor. These are the basis for the actions of a Buddhist layperson. A monk's precepts are expanded to ten so monks must abstain from eating after noon, watching shows singing, dancing, using perfumes and ointments, sleeping in a high bed, and handling gold and silver. The wheel is based on the concepts of hatred, delusion, and greed, three of the external driving forces that they must try to repress. Lama must try to control these in order to contain the twelve conditions which include ignorance, volitional actions, consciousness, personal existence, mind and senses, mental and sensorial contact, sensations and feelings, craving, grasping, becoming-forces, rebirth, and aging and dying. If he can do this, he will stay on track for his ultimate goal of nirvana even though he realizes that it may take several lifetimes for that to occur. Through doing this he will lead his spiritual transformation using the Eightfold Path. This includes right understanding, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. Lama, by achieving this will free himself of clinging and his ignorance that he knows plagues him throughout his life. He will realize that nothing is permanent and nothing is permanent and absolute.

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His life isn't all spent doing these things without recreation though. He will have the opportunity to do sculpture and write poetry. He can participate in such festivals as the Vassa, or Rain Retreat. This is an important time when monks retreat to the monastery to study and once it ends, the laypeople are blessed by the laity who sprinkle them with wax from a bowl of water to signify the merit they earned during the Vassa.

But once Lama reaches the age of 4 years of age, he decides that he wants to return to the monastery and search for his truth. He once again shaves his head and goes through much preparation and training. He then appears in front of a panel of ten monks who he must petition the assembly for admission to the sangha, or assembly of monks. Once he is fully ordained, also known as upasampada, he will live by the three refuges, the four noble truths, the Eightfold Path, and the ten precepts. Lama's path as a Buddhist monk leads to a life without attachment and clinging so that the truth can be experienced.

The final and last part of Lama's journey is actual nirvana. Reaching nirvana is the ultimate goal of all Buddhists. Nirvana is the state of unconditioned freedom for a person in which they feel no more desires and cease the cravings that produce bad karma. This is easily said but sometimes confusing to understand and hard to achieve. Lama realizes this and knows he may not be able to attain enlightenment in this lifetime. Many other Buddhists realize this difficulty; so achieving nirvana has always been reserved for the monks and nuns, which actually constitute a rather small part of the society they live in. But that does not stop them from living a life of compassion towards others and their religion. They can become bodhisvattas, or follow the karmic lifestyle (the practice of a layperson). But whatever the outcome of a path, like life of worship, as long as one lives with compassion, nirvana will eventually come.

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Violence

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Violence is a learned behavior

Through the past few years' people have heard people saying that television, music, and videogames are leading to the increase in violence among teens and the society. The human race learned to be violent from society, entertainment and their environment. Violent images on televisions as well as in the movies have inspired people to become violent. People learn to be violent from society, entertainment and from their environment.

Society is one of the many places where violence has been learned. Society has been bombarded with violence from the beginning of time. Researchers do acknowledge that violence portrayed on television is a potential danger. One issue is clear though; the focus on television violence should not take attention away from other significant causes of violence in our country such as drugs, inadequate parenting, availability of weapons, unemployment, etc. it is hard to report on how violent television effects society, since television affects different people in different ways. There is a significant problem with

Duval 8

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violence on television that society is going to have to acknowledge and face.

Environment is the second thing where people learn to be violent from. United states teens are killing each other with guns at the highest rate since the government began recording the deaths thirty years ago, a new study shows that guns killed almost 4,00 youths ages fifteen to nineteen in 10, or about eleven everyday. If either one of the children's parents were abusive the chances that the child will be abusive are much higher than of a childs parents that were not abusive. The juvenile violence is not only confined to the streets; it is branching out into the classrooms of our public schools. Some static's on school violence show that there has been a shocking increase during a five-year period.

Violent images on television, as well as in the movies have inspired people to set spouses on fire in their beds, lie down in the middle of the highways, extort money by placing bombs in airplanes, rape, steal, murder, and commit numerous other shootings and assaults. Over 1,00 case studies have proven that media violence can have negative affects on children as well. Americans feel that the

viewing of violence in the media reinforces negative behavior in society, especially among children and young adults. Three thousand studies have been done since 15 on the link between television and violence; ,80 of them found a correlation between the two. Ninety-eight percent of Americans homes have a television set, / of those homes receive cable; television and movies are just the most persuasive means of corruption yet know to our society. In 18, the United States software industry sold 6. billion dollars worth of videogames. Not bad for an industry that didn't exist twenty-five years ago. Yet despite its continued growth, all is not well in the videogame industry. Perhaps the 40,000 killings children will see on television and in the movies by the time they are age 18 has something to do with it.

Television may not be the soul cause of the terrible crimes, but

there is proof that some of these unimaginable crimes are caused by

violence seen on the television. In the world today, television is a part

of almost everyone's life. People learn to be violent from society,

entertainment and from their environment.

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Country Living Verses City Living

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July 15, 00

Comp. I

Country Living

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I have lived in the country the majority of my life. When I was growing up, I thought I would enjoy living in town. Therefore, after growing up and getting married, I tried living in town the first year I was married, but I hated it. I knew right away that the town life was not for me. I enjoy living in the country because of its peacefulness, privacy, and the beautiful scenery that surrounds my home.

I find that living in the country is a peaceful place for my family and me. We have no real close neighbors that live around us; the closest neighbor is about one-half a mile from our place. So therefore, we do not have to hear the slamming of car doors, loud music playing all night long, nor do we hear vehicles running up and down the street through out the night. Our children are able to play outside without fighting with other children. I hope that I never have to move from the peaceful country life that I have grown to love.

In the country, a person has privacy, which is very important to me. I can go outside in my nightclothes and I do not have to worry about someone seeing me. My children have a big yard they can play in or ride their bikes on and I do not have to worry about them getting on someone else's property. Another important detail to me is when I get home I have easy access to my driveway; I do not have any unusual automobiles blocking my driveway at night. Another thing is I do not have a bunch of nosy neighbors that know who is at my house before I know; there is no one glaring out his or her windows to see who is at my house. So therefore, I feel that living in the country a person could have plenty of privacy.

I love the gorgeous scenery that I see each morning when I wake up. No matter what the season is Summer, Spring, Winter, or Fall I find that the countryside to have a ravishing scenery all year round. In the summer, one can see all the beautiful trees that are fully bloomed. Summer is the best time of the year to see the wildlife with their young. In the spring of the year, I love to drive out through the country and see all the beautiful flowers in bloom, especially the wild flowers that grow along the side of the road. Wintertime in the country is very beautiful. I love to look outside after a snowfall and see the snow hanging from the trees. There is nothing more eye-catching than to look outside after an ice storm and see the icicles hanging from the pine trees across the road. However, the countryside is at its full beauty in the fall of the year. With all the extravagant fall colors, that one can see along side a country road is one of the most lavishing sights a person could see. The gem tone colors that take place during the fall season along the country road or and old river is one of the most beautiful sight a person will experience in their lifetime.

I hope that everyone finds our rural area as beautiful as I do. I find that the country life to be very peaceful as well as having plenty of privacy and one will not find this beauty anywhere else. I am glad that I am raising my children in the country where they can play, scream, and ride their bikes without disturbing anybody else.

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Crucible

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In the play The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, John Proctor is introduced as a main character early in the plot. He comes out as a rebellious man in a sense, and right away we learn of his affair with Abigail. By the end of the play Proctor is changing his ground and becoming a more responsible individual and not lowering himself to Abigail's standards once again. In the beginning of the book when his affair is revealed, he could strike the reader as a weak and failing individual. One would think this because of the vow that he made to his spouse that she is the "only" or the "chosen" one. Proctor has not lived this statement truthfully and that proves that he is, in a sense, a failing individual. Though he may be weak, he is also a rational man. He is one of the few characters in the book who does not believe in witches. He knows that all the accusations of witchcraft are false. This shows that he is strong because everybody else in the town is going crazy because if these "witches". John once says, "God will not let you wash your hands of this" (Act Two; pg7), referring to if they were to accuse, and jail the convicted "witches." He keeps calm and goes against public opinion, which is a brave thing to do. By the end of the play John Proctor has recovered the moral integrity that he had lost earlier in the book. He ends up confronting Abigail and as a result of that renews his relationship with Elizabeth. It takes a lot for him to confess to his wife that he had had an affair but Proctor, being a strong individual, realizes his mistake and confesses. Then, in the court scene he further instills his integrity by not naming any names. He stands up for what he believes in, which is that there are no witches, and doesn't even fall back on his beliefs after being threatened to be put it prison. He is willing to be locked away to stand up for what he believes. In the end John Proctor comes out as being a powerful individual, unlike his initial weak prospective. He is faced with a challenge; he vaselates then rises to the occasion. This is a prime example of character development on Proctors behalf.

Please note that this sample paper on crucible is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on crucible, we are here to assist you. Your custom college paper on crucible will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Do you feel able do detect the gender of a novelist from the text? What issues are raised by this question? Refer to two or more novels

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Detecting the gender of a novelist merely from the words on the page is a complicated and in some regards, an impossible process. There are however implicit clues that are littered throughout works of literature which may reveal the answer to this question, however we cannot always be certain that what is conveyed to us is a real life representation of a persons gender, or rather an incognito account utilised to convey particular feelings or emotions, or indeed conceal elements of their personality or life that would be better off undisclosed. Gender itself, has always been a topic close to the forefront of the pragmatics of literature, as well as being a medium for channelling issues and themes that relate to the same concept. For examples, the idea of feminism, the role and status of women in the class structure, both politically and socially.

Jane Eyre# was written in eighteen forty seven by Charlotte Bronte. From my experience of reading this novel I feel there are many instances when Bronte's gender is detectable. Firstly, it is important to point out that the novel is written in the first person narrative from a female perspective, it is an example of Romanism in terms of its generic classification; this, as opposed to say realist fiction, deals with an obvious character/author relationship, placing much more emphasis on subjective expression as opposed to an external reality. This therefore, perhaps allows us the insight that the character may reflect some authorial views. For example

women are supposed to be vary calm generally but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as their brothers do... ...It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex

This is a representation of Bronte's views towards men and the role of women in society being conveyed through Eyre. I feel that this is a predominant passage in revealing the author's gender from the text because it is such a perfuse attack upon men and their ways. This then leads us into all kinds of debates and issues.

First and foremost, it patents the view that women are inferior to men, not only in their social class but also in their nature. We can clearly see that this notion infuriates Bronte, simply because of her decreeing response 'women feel just as men feel' . When she also mentions the 'exercising of faculties', she is referring to fact that men get better educational opportunities and get to express themselves through their lifestyle and their work, to which Bronte suggests that women are limited solely to making puddings'. These ideas of female and male equality were ambitious and novel concepts given the social historical time frame in which the novel was written. These views are the very essence of feminist literature and the basis of feminist theory.

Other signposts to the gender of the author can be drawn from the text if a deconstructionist lens is applied, taking into account the semantics and the lexical choices that are proficient. Semantic fields such as love are conveyed via lexis such as 'heart', 'soul' and 'compassion'. This was a traditional concept addressed by female writers of this time. Therefore, possibly revealing details towards the gender of the author, although lacking substance other than the general stereotyping of the themes women wrote about. The irony is that this comment itself would be the very essence of the feminist notion that Bronte was rebelling against. This idea that women are a predictable entity confined to expectations that are placed upon them. So the idea of the gender of the author has again raised volatile issues referring to the role of women.

The second novel I will refer to is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein#. This novel was published marginally earlier to the prior; eighteen eighteen. This novel again, has a first person narrative, this time from a male perspective; Walton, Doctor Frankenstein and in the later stages, the monster himself. This is a contrast to Jane Eyre as we here have a cross gender narrative/author concept. Also, the predominant difference here is the fact that there is little to no evidence of the authors gender, a direct contrast with Jane Eyre. That is not to say that I am insinuating that merely because you have a female author conveyed through a male voice that the identity of the author becomes shrouded. The prior point seems to immediately suggest that perhaps this is an example of realist fiction, yet this is not the case. It is a gothic novel with an unfamiliar structure; beginning as an epistolary and then progressing to the first person narratives.

One of the main reasons that it is so difficult to detect the authors gender with this piece is mainly concerned with the themes it addresses. It is of a predominantly masculine concepts. The notions of death and horror, central to the gothic era were traditionally written about by male authors. This could instantly revert back to the feminist argument, but the fact is that Shelley was a pioneer in her field of literature. The idea of a female talking/writing about such concepts at this time would completely subvert the expectations of the readers of the novel, given its social historical context. This point does appear somewhat tenuous but in order for Shelley to be taken seriously as a writer, I believe that concealing her gender was critical to the success of the novel. This was perhaps the reason why the original publication of Frankenstein was done anonymously, and popular public opinion, seconded famously by Sir Walter Scott, presumed that Percy Shelley, Mary's estranged husband, to be the proprietor of the novel. This was a truth settled only years later, perhaps after authors such as Bronte had began to subvert expectations and question readers' preconceptions.

Building on from my previous illustrations about prejudice, perhaps another issue that makes it difficult to detect the authors gender refers to her age. When the final publication of Frankenstein was released, Shelley was scarcely eighteen. Again, taking the social historical angle, this was an era where the youth were seen as inferior and their judgements were taken lightly. Adulthood, at this time, began at twenty one, so perhaps this was another critical element that had to be considered if Frankenstein was to be considered as a plausible work of fiction was the masking of her age.

Examples from the text to support these notions again come from the lexical choices and the semantic fields.

Like one, on a lonesome road who, doth walk in fear and dread, and, having once turned round, walks on, and turns no more his head; because he knows a frightful fiend doth close behind him tread

As we can see from examining lexical choices such as 'lonesome', 'fear', 'dread', 'frightful' and 'fiend' all of which appear in just two and a half lines, it is obvious that novel is creating an ambience of horror and unrest. The long, drawn-out phonetics of 'lonesome' in particular only seem to add to this effect. Sure this kind of lexis and imagery is apart of the Gothic generic expectations, but conforming to the expectations helps to conceal her identity as she doesn't stand out as being profusely different which reverts back to the reason why the public and Sir Walter Scott originally thought that this novel was written by a man, possibly, because they would have had no reason to question whether or not it was a man, not only because the novel itself was devoid of evidence, but also because no other women were doing what she was doing at this time.

The two texts could not be more different in the ways the respective authors approach the notion of ground breaking literature. I believe the critical reason that Shelley was so restrained about revealing her identity was because the idea of non-conformity had not manifested itself in society at this early stage and the 'ism' that is feminism was a non-existent idea at this time. For these reasons, and to ensure the success of her work, Shelley, perhaps wisely opted to disguise her gender, this way, it guaranteed that she would by taken seriously in the literature world; seen as being on par with the male authors of the time. As I investigated previously, Shelley achieved this through several ways, predominantly the lexical semantic/choices. Transversely, Bronte had no such reserves about her novel. She had clear opinions that she reflected through her main title characters speech and experiences. The lexis used by Jane Eyre, is so much different and in some cases, quite obviously gives clear impressions that it is written by a female author. The whole ambience and imagery is contrasting to Frankenstein, this because it does not need to be reserved about addressing ideas that do not necessarily have male approval. As is evident, quite prevalently from many of these points raised in this essay, is the fact that the gender of the author raises all kinds of issues relating to the sexes, from discrimination to modern feminism. Also, in conclusion to the point I raised in my introduction about whether or not it is possible to tell the gender of any author, merely from the words on the page, the only plausible answer is no. If it were, then Shelley's work would never have passed for a mans for so long, in fact, if it did not, it is quite possible that Frankenstein would not be the popular classic that it is so fondly thought of in the modern era.

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Hinduism

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Unit Hinduism Vedanta Hinduism

By Olga Kidisevic

1. What is maya, and how do Vedanta Hindus believe that it can be overcome?

Simply put, Maya basically means illusion and dillusion. It signifies the world as a cosmic illusion and it is also the power that creates the world. In our lives we are constantly faced with contradiction. We may sometime know what the right thing to do is, but end up doing the wrong thing. The world is not a perfect, happy place, but is one in which there is misery and sadness. All of us in our lives are at one point or other are faced with these situations or some like them. That is what is maya. The way to overcome this and acquire spiritual liberation is by eradicating ignorance. This is because ignorance is what causes us to see the illusionary multiplicity of the world as being real. We can also attain knowledge of the Self, only then can the illusions be eradicated and reality be clear. Lastly, according to Vedanta Hinduism, when we are experiencing maya we are not seeing the world properly and are disillusioned. Their solution is follow spiritual wisdom through yoga and only one reality will remain. God. Once one rids themselves of maya they acquire complete satisfaction with no desires and no impulses for rebirth.

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. In Vedanta thought, is Brahman the same thing as God?

In Vedanta thought, Brahman is the impersonal God and the universal soul. Brahman is the Absolute Truth. Brahman is the creator, the maintainer, and the destroyer. Vedanta also believes that the soul comes from and will merge with Brahman. Brahman can be considered the same thing as God, but then again might not be. The definition of God is (according to www.dictionary.com)

1. "God

a. A being conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheistic religions.

b. The force, effect, or a manifestation or aspect of this being.

. A being of supernatural powers or attributes, believed in and worshiped by a people, especially a male deity thought to control some part of nature or reality.

. An image of a supernatural being; an idol.

4. One that is worshiped, idealized, or followed Money was their god.

5. A very handsome man.

6. A powerful ruler or despot."

If we use the first definition for the comparison it says that God is "the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe". Bharman is all these things. Bharman is the true knowledge and cannot be felt or seen by the senses but can only be thought of through the mind, like God. Bharman created the universe and rules it.

. What is atman and how is it related to Brahman?

Atman is the Vendata Hindu term for the soul. Atman is beyond the mind and does not function through thought. The goal or point of having a soul is for it to join with the divine of the inner Self, once it does this it is free from reincarnation. In order for this to occur each soul has to grow for itself and must be free to gain the experiences that it needs. The Atman will never be affected by the fluctuations of the body or mind. It is not subject to our grief, sadness, disease or ignorance. The way that the Atman is related to Bharman is that the two joined into one. Bharman resides in each one of us in out Atman.

4. What is moksha and how is it related to karma?

Moksha is the liberation of ones soul from the body and its possessions. The soul takes on a more spiritual form and this state is known as Moksha. Karma is the sum of all the actions and decisions we make in one lifetime that will predict what form the soul will take in the next life. This is known as reincarnation. If one has good karma in this life, their soul will receive a good form in the next life, and vice versa. Karma is related to Moksha because it is only when the soul reaches moksha or liberation (through good karma) then it will discontinue to reincarnate in the next life and cycle will be broken.

5. What is the renunciation of worldly senses and pleasures and what religious purpose does it serve in Hindu thought?

Renunciation of worldly senses and pleasures is the process of eliminating anything in ones life that is not spiritual. This includes things such as wealth, greed, lust and the ego. The religious purpose that it serves in Hindu thought is to escape the ill-sides of karma and to attain ultimate happiness.

6. One of the most famous works in the Upanishads is the Bhagavad Gita. It wrestles with the question of how to avoid bad karma while living in the world. In short, what solution does it provide to this question?

The solution that it provides for this question is for one to do as they are supposed to, control their desires of the flesh (ie.lust), do actions without seeking a profit, do their own duties and never perform someone else's. One should believe that the senses are good, the mind is better than the senses yet the sould is even better than the mind. Also, one should worship God and whatever path one takes, it will always lead to God.

The Gita also states that whatever one does, they should do it as an offering to God. It states that "an enlightened mind is suggested as one that is indifferent to pleasure and pain, gain and loss"

Also, "Be thou happy by this yajna [sacrifice] because its performance will bestow upon you everything desirable for living happily and achieving liberation."

Another solution or piece of advice is that someone who lives their life purely for the satisfaction of their senses is a person who lives in vain. These are only some of the solutions given, however if one of the Hindu religion abides by these "rules" they can be sure to escape the dreaded bad karma.

(http//www.ishwar.com/holy_bhagavad_gita/chapter0.html)

(http//www.1stholistic.com/Spl_prayers/prayer_hindu-gita.htm)

(http//www.hssworld.org/usa/dc/baudhik/hindu/part4_15.htm)

Please note that this sample paper on Hinduism is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hinduism, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Hinduism will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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